Rational Use Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Reducing food losses as a tool for managing economic and social development

The principles of rational production and consumption are one of the key themes of “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Today, most countries of the world are implementing various initiatives aimed at creating a closed-cycle economy, at rational use of natural resources, at preservation of the environment and natural biodiversity, at the development of rational ways to produce, sell, and consume food. The amount of food waste has increased significantly and become a global problem amid growing concern about hunger in a number of states. Food-sharing is a solution to the problem, provided that an appropriate structure is developed that will guide its application. The sharing economy was named as a suitable basis. The autonomous non-commercial organisation “Food-sharing” was chosen as an object in this study. The key goal of the study is to optimise the daily work of the volunteer, coordinator and organisation as a whole that deals with this problem. Possible parameters for the analysis: the volume of products received during the period, the sources of products received, the categories to which they belong (fruits, bakery products, meat, etc.), the geography of exports, the number of volunteers involved during the period, the number of final recipients during the period.

Study on the Structure, Efficiency, and Driving Factors of an Eco-Agricultural Park Based on Emergy: A Case Study of Jinchuan Eco-Agricultural Park

The eco-agricultural park is a new comprehensive agricultural technology system integrating agricultural production, rural economic development, ecological environment protection, and efficient resource utilization. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the ecosystem structure of eco-agricultural parks will help achieve the goal of coordinated symbiosis between human development and environmental protection. This study takes the research area of the Eco-agricultural Park of Jinchuan Town, Huinan County, a typical town in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China. Based on field surveys, market research, farmer consultation, and related data collection, emergy theory and methods are used to construct an emergy model for the park. The value evaluation index system integrates the unique emergy index of the agricultural ecosystem with the traditional emergy index system to conduct a targeted evaluation of the park’s functional structure and sustainable development capabilities in order to improve the efficiency of material and energy use and provide technical reference for ecological construction and comprehensive development of agricultural industry in mountainous areas in northern China. The research results show that: (1) The annual input total emergy of the eco-agricultural park is 4.04E+24 sej/a, and the emergy of labor input, electricity input, and topsoil loss is relatively high. The park is in a labor-intensive stage. The annual output total emergy is 5.09E+24 sej/a, the park is dominated by planting and forestry industries. (2) The park’s emergy utilization intensity is high—production efficiency is high, economic development is advanced, and the system’s self-control, adjustment, and feedback functions are vital—and plays a significant role in promoting the development of the regional economy. However, the park relies more on investment from external resources, and production in the park puts pressure on the environment. (3) The current sustainable development capability of the study area is weak, and the factors affecting the sustainable development capability are mainly energy loss and uneven distribution of industrial areas in the park. Effective measures to promote the transformation of the park to develop technology-intensive industries and improve the sustainable development performance of the park were proposed. These include: adjusting the proportion of industries in the park; reducing high-energy external input emergy, such as industrial auxiliary emergy; reducing the loss of non-renewable natural resources through ecological engineering measures, such as reducing the depth of slope runoff in the park; and combining modern resource-based production technology and environmentally sound management methods to reduce energy loss and rational use of natural resources.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВОПРОСОВ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ФИТОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕМ И ЛЕКАР-СТВЕННЫМ РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВОДСТВОМ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН.. 90

Any plant phylogenesis is a long-term historical complex of plant species, including elements of different ages, different origins and differing from other floristic complexes in its systematic composition. This complex is a dynamic and unstable phenomenon that changes over time. Its individual elements disperse, or, conversely, remain within the boundaries of their range, de-pending on changes in external ecological and geographical factors. Therefore, when study-ing any floristic composition, it is necessary, first of all, to systematize the plant world. The distribution of species between systematic categories of the highest rank characteristic of each flora. Issues related to the characteristics of the growth, procurement and protection of plant medicinal raw materials are one of the leading links in ongoing activities for the ration-al use of natural resources throughout the world. Medicinal pharmacopoeia plants growing in various regions of Russia are a valuable source of biologically active substances used in med-icine and pharmaceuticals. The study of medicinal plants is important for optimizing the drug production process, as well as for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Methods for studying medicinal pharmacopeial plants include a botanical description of plants, analysis of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of raw materials, the study of factors affecting the quality and quantity of biologically active substances, as well as the development of methods for growing and collecting plants. Much attention is also paid to the issues of sustainable use of medicinal plants and their conservation in natural ecosystems. The study of medicinal pharmacopoeia plants growing in various regions of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan, allows us to determine the optimal conditions for their cultivation, evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the raw materials used, and also develop new drugs based on natural components. The more work there is related to the study of the growth of medicinal plants, the more it will contribute to improving medical practice, enriching the range of medicines and providing access to effective and safe medicines.

Financial assessment of the implementation of state policy measures in the field of environmental protection: macroeconomic aspect

   In the current article, financial aspects of the state environmental policy in Russia at the present stage are observed. The authors study the scale of financial resources allocated for environmental protection at the macroeconomic level in the context of ensuring environmental safety. The review of periodical press materials allowed us to highlight the most pressing issues of eco-investment. When processing statistical data to conduct an analysis of the costs of implementing environmental measures and assessing dissipation of funds in the main categories of expenses, the authors used dyna mic and structural methods of economic analysis with determination of absolute and relative difference. A comparative method was implied in comparing retrospective information to monitor annual budget allocations for the needs of ecology alongside with the table method combined with the graphical one. The assessment of expenditures for environmental protection in Russia for 2017–2021 showed an annual stable growth with an almost twofold increase in the whole five years. A structural analysis in the context of environmental protection activities allowed us to identify the dominant cost items as the most significant in the implementation of state environmental policy. A comparative analysis of the unit costs of environmental protection in percentage of gross domestic product through international comparisons indicates the underfunding of this area by Russian state authorities. The limited amount of finance to ensure rational use of natural resources requires implementing principal measures in accordance with the main priorities of state policy in the field along with application of the most effective ecological and economic tools.

Рациональная технология комплексной разработки торфяных месторождений

The article analyzes a rational scheme of bulldozer technology of complex surface layer-wise extraction of peat raw materials and wood remains, which contributes to energy and resource saving. Complete extraction of useful components from peat deposits is achieved based on the environmental principles of rational use of natural resources. Agro-industrial and environmental protection are currently becoming promising directions for the use of peat raw materials. The ways of technical retooling and enhancing the efficiency of equipment operation are considered with account for the scale factor of the peat-mining companies. The advantages of the peat mining technology, which can be used in small-scale peat mining companies, are shown. The choice of equipment for the bulldozer technology is made with consideration of the limiting conditions for its application, reduction of the energy intensity of the process; equipment match by technical specifications; versatility and multitask capability.

Main directions for rational use of water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article identifies the main directions of the rational use of water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan, specifically, the South Kazakhstan region. Rational water use is the process of efficient use of water resources, which guarantees the preservation and protection of water bodies from negative and excessive anthropogenic impact and at the same time provides the population and sectors of the national economy with water resources of adequate quality and in the amount that can guarantee not only satisfaction of needs, but also development of industry, energy, water transport and agriculture at the rates that are necessary for sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole. The analysis of the foundations of rational water use was carried out; the main economic instruments affecting the process of water use in Kazakhstan are considered, an overview of the structure of water resources management in the South Kazakhstan region is made. Currently, it is necessary to ensure the rational use of natural resources, their protection from pollution and degradation, as well as skillfully restore, multiply and control them for the benefit of human society. Water resources as an object of management are a complex phenomenon and require a special approach for the formation of governing bodies with a clear division of their sphere of influence and responsibility.

Проблемы развития районов освоения Республики Тыва (геоинформационный аспект)

The Republic of Tyva has a significant natural resource potential. The mining complex has been identified as a priority area of the economy of this territory. Despite the existing development potential, the region faces a number of challenges that require an integrated approach to address them. Modern trends are based on the principles of sustainable development, balanced and rational use of natural resources, which are primarily built on the basis of comprehensive information on the region. Information can be combined, structured and analyzed using geographic information technologies. Research objective. A spatial analysis of the resource potential and cartographic assessment of the anthropogenic impact of the reclamation territories in the Republic of Tyva. Research results. An assessment of the current state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out using the geoinformation approach. An index analysis of the investment attractiveness and investment potential as well as the anthropogenic load of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out. Conclusions. The use of the geoinformation approach when assessing the current development state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva offers a number of advantages. First, it allows getting a clear picture of the current situation, identify the problem areas and develop effective strategies for further development of the territory. Second, combining data from various sources into a single GIS helps to make informed decisions and optimize the use of resources in the reclamation areas.

Expression of Ecological Consciousness of the Indigenous Peoples of the North in the Works by N. Kalitin (<i>Tommoo, Thunder Bursts</i>)

Purpose. The article is devoted to the key aspects of expressing ecological consciousness of the indigenous peoples of the North in novels Tommoo and Thunder Bursts by Nikolai Kalitin, who raises the problem of damaging hunting grounds and rivers during the technological development of the North.Results. The key aspects of the ecological consciousness of Evenks and Yakuts are revealed in novels Tommoo and Thunder bursts. The ecological consciousness is based on a careful attitude to nature, and awareness of inseparable unity with it: perception of nature as the mother of all things and understanding of kinship with it; animateness of all objects and phenomena revealed through the presence of spirits of nature and mythological deities; man's understanding of himself as a creation of nature; the presence of a sacred tree as a symbol of the world structure, the personification of the unfading fertility of the earth.Conclusion. The key to solving the problem of further survival and wealth of indigenous peoples of the North is believed to be the search for a balance between the technological development of society and the preservation of ecology, rational use of natural resources for continuation of traditional activities, based on ethnic culture with rational simplification of labor.

Features of taxation of rational environmental management as a factor of sustainable growth in Russia

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of fiscal regulation of the rational use of natural resources to achieve the goals of sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population. According to official statistics, it should be noted that it is difficult to identify individual problems on the impact of direct taxation of the use of natural resources on the effectiveness of environmental management in Russia. Great practical importance in theoretical and applied economics is attached to strengthening the environmental component in taxation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the prospects for the development of the implemented directions of the tax policy of rational environmental management to ensure the environmental safety of Russia. In modern tax systems, a separate aspect highlights the directions of tax regulation of the use of natural resources, providing a fiscally significant effect on budget revenues at all levels and increasing the environmental potential of rational environmental management. Various general scientific methods were used in the research process, including: abstract-logical, comparative analysis, generalization, as well as tabular and graphical methods. When studying the practical experience of tax regulation of effective environmental management, SWOT analysis methods, as well as variable and trend analysis are used. The authors provide a systematic analysis of the practice of ensuring budget revenues of the subjects of the Russian Federation and their compliance with the policy of rational environmental management, as well as determining the causal relationship of the considered features of taxation of the use of natural resources in Russia. The procedure for taxation of environmental management is important for the formation of fiscal sustainability and ensuring high efficiency of tax policy in the field of rational environmental management. The state policy of taxation of environmental management should be based on the principle of preserving the interest of investors in investments in environmental protection measures, providing tax incentives and preferences for the introduction of new waste-free production technologies. The prospects for further development of tax regulation of effective environmental management should be aimed at activating public-private partnerships by stimulating private investment in the creation of new and modernization of existing assets of the "green" economy, as well as optimizing environmental monitoring.

Legal regulation of the protection of water bodies in the implementation of fishing activities in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the protection of water bodies in the implementation of fishing activities in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the protection of water bodies must be considered as an integral factor in the legal provision of maintaining the level of ecological safety, the rational use of natural resources, including living aquatic bioresources, the proper functioning of the fisheries industry, ensuring the food security of the state, etc. The author states that in order to ensure the proper legal regulation of the protection of water bodies when carrying out fishing activities, it is necessary to take into account the connection of such objects with the land plots on which they are located. It is claimed that the order of legal regulation of the protection of water bodies follows from the characteristics of such objects, their connection with other resources and the order of their use. In this regard, the norms for the protection of water bodies are reflected in the water and land legislation, as well as in the legislation on fisheries and aquaculture. The analysis of the specified branches of legislation regarding the procedure for regulating the protection of water bodies during the implementation of fishery activities was carried out.
 The author concluded that ensuring the protection of water bodies should consist in the adoption and further implementation of legal norms aimed at implementing measures to protect them from pollution, clogging and depletion, and improving the condition of water bodies. It is claimed that the main purpose of protecting water bodies in the implementation of fishing activities is to preserve fish stocks and ensure their sustainable and rational use in the future.

Delineation of Soil Management Zones and Validation through the Vigour of a Fodder Crop

In Mediterranean farming systems, the semi-arid conditions and agricultural ecosystems have made site-specific management an important approach. This method aims to understand and handle the variability of soil properties and crop management, particularly through the utilization of geospatial information and accessible technology. Over three years in a 30 ha experimental field located in the Alentejo region (Portugal), crop establishment was monitored using data from soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), remote sensing (Sentinel-2), and in situ soil sampling. The procedure began with Step 1, involving the acquisition of soil spatial information and spatial interpolation. Subsequently, in Step 2, management zones (MZs) for soil characteristics were delineated using a combination of ECa measurements and soil analysis, and Step 3 spanned over three years of gathering meteorological data and crop remote sensing measurements. In Step 4, site-specific crop MZs were delineated by vegetation indexes (VIs). This article aims to increase the importance of in situ and remote assessments to more accurately identify areas with different productive potential. Results showed three MZs based on the percentage of sand, ECa, altimetry, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable calcium properties, validated by crop VIs (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)) over time. Although there are many sensorial techniques available for site-specific management, this paper emphasizes a methodology for the farmer to identify different MZs combining remote and in situ evaluations, supporting new opportunities for a more rational use of natural resources. Based on soil parameters, three site-specific management areas could be selected. NDMI was the index that best explained the MZs created according to soil properties.

A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine in the context of national and regional interests


 
 
 A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in the context of national and regional interest is based on rational use of agricultural, water economy, recreation tourism, forest land, and human settlement resources. The foundation of the model was a rational, historically formed use of nature and natural resources, which are essential for the optimal functioning of the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine. In the article, besides the traditional types of nature use, we analyzed new creative kinds – recreation tourism, human settlement, nature protection and others, which are currently oriented at sustaining the ecological balance in the region in order to promote optimal living and work conditions for the people. In the system of state management of the processes of nature use in Ukraine, the dominating tendency is strengthening of the regional territorial link of management, which obviously is related to ecological issues. Over the recent decades, the national spend on environmental protection has increased. The state has improved the regulations of nature use by establishing methods to identify and reverse processes of environmental pollution, as well as regulation of the mechanism of ecological expertise. The national environmental policy has attained a vector towards a sustainable nature use. One of its moving forces is legal responsibility for nature use, adoption of a number of laws of environmental protection and creation of respective institutions of state-administrative management. The expenditure on combating environmental pollution approached 2% of Ukraine’s GDP. Important components in the structure of state ecological regulation are state and foreign investments. The main capital investments in environmental protection and rational use of natural resources are car- ried out for the following spheres: rational use of water, land, forest, fishery resources; protection of atmosphere air. The greatest share of material support goes to water, land, and mineral resources.
 
 

Digital technologies in environmental protection and rational use of natural resources

The main directions and trends in the use of digital technologies in environmental practice are considered. The strategy adopted in the Russian Federation in the field of digital transformation of the ecology and environmental management industry is analyzed. Examples of the use of information methods and tools in environmental technologies are given. The used digital software products are grouped depending on the functionality embedded in them: information and legal systems; software products that implement calculation methods for assessing the impact on the natural environment; software designed for data processing and reporting of chemical analytical laboratories for environmental control and electronic cartographic data in the field of environmental protection. Particular attention is paid to the problems, risks and prospects for the development of information technologies in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources.

The use of humic preparations made on the basis of natural materials as one of the methods of rational use of natural resources

The research has studied the effect of humic preparations made on the basis of humified hemp bonfires on the yield and formation of productivity elements of spring soft wheat of the Ester variety. It has been studied that the manufacture of humic preparations from plant residues as a natural material can be one of the methods of rational use of natural resources. The effective action of various complexes of humic preparations in the cultivation of spring wheat has been shown. An increase in the yield of spring wheat plants is shown as a result of improving the processes of forming the structure of plant productivity. The greatest effect was shown by preparations in combination with trace elements such as manganese and selenium.

Environmental protection in the farming system

The urgency of the problem of environmental protection in the modern agricultural system emphasizes the urgency of not only ensuring food security, but also sustainable impacts on ecosystems. This article examines a set of measures in the field of agriculture aimed at preventing soil degradation and pollution, rational use of natural resources and restoration of natural resources. Particular attention is paid to topics such as protection of the humus status of soils, anti-erosion measures, a scientifically based soil cultivation system, a rational system of fertilizer application, integrated plant protection from pests and diseases, as well as water conservation measures and land reclamation. Crop rotation, as a fundamental element of modern agrolandscape farming systems, deserves special attention in the context of environmental protection. This article provides the scientific rationale for the role of crop rotation in promoting ecosystem resilience and preventing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural activities. The principles and advantages of crop rotations aimed at maintaining biological diversity, preserving the humus status of soils, and preventing erosion are considered. The article also highlights the impact of crop rotation on the energy balance, efficient use of resources, and reproduction of soil fertility. The importance of crop rotation is emphasized as a key factor in balanced and environmentally oriented agriculture, contributing to the creation of sustainable agroecosystems and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.

Динаміка захисту дисертаційних досліджень з конструктивно-географічної проблематики в Україні (1995-2021 рр.)

Using the methods of scientometric analysis, the list of dissertation studies defended from 1995 to 2021 in the specialty 11.00.11 - constructive geography and rational use of natural resources was studied. It was revealed that 37 doctoral theses and 270 candidate theses were defended during the specified period, the most works were defended in 2013 – 32. The dynamics of defenses from 1995 to 2013 was upward, and since 2014 the number of defended works has been decreasing. Among the thematic spectrum of works, the topics of those devoted to the study of cities were analyzed. During the specified period, only the cities of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, Odesa, Dnipro, Simferopol, Rivne, Lutsk, Sevastopol, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sumy, Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky, Drohobych were the focus of constructive and geographical research. In particular, Kyiv was studied by the famous urban landscape expert Professor O.Dmytruk, under whose scientific guidance 10 candidate theses were defended.

Analysing the chemical standards of the Fergana Mekhmash wastewater treatment plant and environmental processing

Protection of the environment from pollution and rational use of natural resources is one of the main problems of the present time. Saving and protecting water resources is the solution to this problem. Wastewater (dirty water from industrial and domestic enterprises) and stormwater treatment are an important part of nature protection. This article is the study of the technology of industrial wastewater treatment and the composition of dry residues left after water treatment from the galvanic department of the MexMash plant in the city of Fergana. Redirection of ZnO, Fe2O3, FeO and P2O5 contained in waste, application of ecological treatment of wastewater. In the industrial production enterprise of the city of Fergana, it was considered to study the composition of the waste produced as a result of the treatment of wastewater generated during the production process and to direct it to production.

THE USE OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The public-private partnership project should be carried out with the inclusion of socio-economic tasks i.e. the tasks of protecting the environment, ensuring environmental desolation and rational use of Natural Resources. The establishment of PPP in the environmental sphere in our country and a wider understanding of the goals of PPP.

Уголовно-правовая охрана водных объектов: национальный, зарубежный и международный опыт

Current issues related to the legal protection of water bodies, ensuring their increasing value in modern conditions, are revealed. The issues of legal protection under consideration are relevant both at the international and domestic levels. The purpose of the study is to consider the negative impact of the weakening of the administrative regime in the field of environmental protection, which affects the application of measures of criminal law and procedural coercion against those responsible for causing significant harm to natural resources. Administrative law is closely related to criminal law; therefore, in practice, administrative penalties prevent damage to the objects of encroachment (public relations in the field of rational use of natural resources), which can develop into a socially dangerous consequence of the crime. General scientific and specifically legal methods are used as research methods. The main attention is paid to the method of analysis. It is established that the creation of a unified basic methodology that would help investigative and inquiry authorities increase the percentage of detection of criminal and administrative cases of environmental crimes is currently not possible. The intersectoral nature and blanket nature of the norms significantly distinguish such acts from each other. The lack of professional training of investigators and interrogators, the lack of knowledge and special literature on the investigation of environmental crimes, of course, cannot have a positive effect on curbing crime in this area.

INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY IN RELATIONS OF OWNERSHIP OF NATURAL RESOURCES: STATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY AND DECENTRALIZATION

The article defines the natural resource sphere of the national economy as the largest territorial and sectoral complex, which includes land, water, forest, mineral, natural and recreational and other types of resources. The lack of implementation of the allocation of a sufficient amount of funds aimed at the rationalization of nature use and the modernization of environmental infrastructure facilities, as well as the uneven distribution of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources in the region for the period 2016-2022, was established. It is substantiated that in the conditions of decentralization of power, the general basis of institutional support for property relations over natural resources should be corporatization, development of rent relations, improvement of fiscal mechanisms in resource use, market-economic evaluation and capitalization of all-natural resources without exception at the local, regional and national levels. The theoretical foundations of the problems of institutional support in property relations in the conditions of decentralization of power have been deepened by determining the need to create an institutional system of property. This system provides for the development of lease relationships, approaches to investment projects, improvement of natural resource taxation mechanisms by improving the system of local taxes on the use of resources, and assessment of the value of natural resources at the micro, meso, and macro levels. The definition of ecological and economic problems of property relations is formulated, which, unlike the existing ones, are focused on the problems of attracting capital investments and current costs of the state for the protection of the natural environment in conditions of decentralization, as well as the fundamental basis for the formation of an institutional system of property in nature management, taking into account foreign experience. The results of the research can be used in the development of regional and national programs and forecasts on issues of nature management and environmental protection.